advanced: cosmology
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Could the Universe be Curved?
I know…that seems like a strange question to ask, doesn’t it? Out of context, it makes no sense at all. What are we even talking about? The curvature of what? Cosmology is full of questions like this — questions that…
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From the First Nuclei to First Light
When we talk about the first 30 minutes of time, we describe the universe expanding and cooling. As the universe cooled, the nuclear reactions that produced the first atomic nuclei slowed and stopped. But it was only relatively cool. The…
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The First Nucleosynthesis
One minute after the Big Bang, all the protons, neutrons, and electrons that would ever exist had been produced. There were no atomic nuclei, though. No atoms. No materials as you and I know it — like wood, metal, or…
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The Universe’s First Moments
Imagine a time before galaxies existed, before the first stars had been born, before the most basic building blocks of matter — atoms — had formed. This was mere moments after the Big Bang. No one understands how matter and…
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The Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation
What if I told you that this was an actual image of the night sky? Well…alright, I admit it’s more like a map. Specifically, a map of the cosmic microwave background radiation, often known simply as the CMB. This is…
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What is Cosmology?
Cosmology is the study of the universe itself: how it came to be, how it has behaved since, and why the laws of physics operate the way they do. It’s one of the strangest branches of science — second only,…
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Is Dark Matter Real?
Here we are, people — it’s finally time to talk about dark matter! I’ve teased this subject in my last few posts. We’ve discussed how the idea originated — with observations of the rotation of galaxies. We’ve touched on the…
