helium
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A Cosmological Timeline
We started covering cosmology way back in April. And since then, we’ve explored quite a bit — in fact, the grandest story the universe has to offer. We’ve followed the universe from the first fractions of a second after the…
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The First Nucleosynthesis
One minute after the Big Bang, all the protons, neutrons, and electrons that would ever exist had been produced. There were no atomic nuclei, though. No atoms. No materials as you and I know it — like wood, metal, or…
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The Composition of the Milky Way
What is our home galaxy made up of? In the broadest sense, it’s made up of stars, clouds of dust and gas, and the mysterious dark matter. We could also get a little more detailed. We could say that it…
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What are Planetary Nebulae?
Meet the planetary nebula, one of the universe’s most gorgeous phenomena. If you’ve ever looked through a telescope, you may have seen one of these before. Through a small telescope, one might look like a little planet — hence the…
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The Proton-Proton Chain
Take a wild guess: how much energy do you think the sun generates? Think about it. It definitely generates enough energy to power a world. Humans depend on the photosynthesis of plants, which converts sunlight into energy. And that’s not…
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The Battery of the Sun
Does this image look familiar? It should — these are soap bubbles. Okay, now you’re probably going to ask me how soap bubbles have anything to do with the battery of the sun. Well…you might be surprised to know that…
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Star Stuff & Cecilia Payne
If this quote really is from Cecilia Payne, then she had the right idea — at least for a female astronomer in the 1920s. Women in science back then faced an uphill battle to get recognized for any discoveries they…
