ionized gas

  • Cosmology Demystified

    Cosmology Demystified

    That has got to be the single strangest post title I’ve ever written. Of all the whacky branches of science out there, cosmology almost takes the cake — second only, I think, to the downright trippy world of quantum mechanics.…

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  • From the First Nuclei to First Light

    From the First Nuclei to First Light

    When we talk about the first 30 minutes of time, we describe the universe expanding and cooling. As the universe cooled, the nuclear reactions that produced the first atomic nuclei slowed and stopped. But it was only relatively cool. The…

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  • What is the Intercloud Medium?

    What is the Intercloud Medium?

    Stars are like headlights in a fog bank that’s impossibly thick in some places, and so thin as to be transparent in others. Sometimes, we get lucky enough for starlight to light up the fog. Other times, stars shine straight…

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  • Solar Weather

    Solar Weather

    When you hear the word “weather,” you probably think of clouds and lightning bolts and rainstorms. Maybe, if you live in particularly high elevation or latitude, you think snowstorms or even blizzards. We humans are used to these weather patterns.…

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